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Explore the science-backed benefits of cold exposure

Ice, Ice Baby… The Science of Cold Exposure

Written by
@Ewa Kasprzak
|
Published on
February 16, 2025
Cold Exposure: the Science and benefits

Benefits for Recovery, Mental Health, and Longevity

The Power of Cold Exposure

Discover how cold exposure—through ice baths, cold showers, and winter swims—can boost your recovery, elevate your mood, increase metabolism, and support long-term health.

Imagine stepping into an icy bath—your breath catches, your heart races, and your body protests. Yet, millions swear by this practice. Cold exposure has surged in popularity thanks to pioneers like Wim Hof and researchers such as Dr. Susanna Søberg, as well as cultural traditions like the Finnish sauna paired with an ice plunge.

Today, we delve into the science behind cold exposure and its remarkable benefits for your body and mind.

How Cold Water Helps Muscles Heal and Eases Soreness

Cold Exposure for Recovery & Reduced Inflammation

After an intense workout, muscle soreness and inflammation can slow recovery and decrease performance. Cold-water immersion (CWI), or ice baths, has become a popular recovery method. But how does sitting in icy water actually help?

How it works?

The magic lies in blood flow regulation. When you dip yourself in cold water, vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) reduces blood flow to your muscles. This limits the buildup of metabolic waste like lactic acid, which contributes to soreness.

As your body warms up afterward, your blood vessels dilate (vasodilation), allowing fresh, oxygen-rich blood to flood your muscles. This replenishes nutrients needed for repair and clears out waste products, like lactic acid and dead cells.

Research

Research by Ihsan et al. (2016) found that this process significantly reduces muscle soreness within 24–48 hours, helping athletes recover faster.

So, while you're sitting there in the ice bath, questioning every life choice that led to this moment and thinking, "Why on earth did I think ChillsnSip was a good idea?" – just remember the science behind it. Hold on for one more minute, and your muscles will thank you later! 😉

A person enjoying Cold Exposure - inside an icebath
ChillsnSip Weekend Plunge Event, June 2024.

Boosting Mental Health & Mood with Cold Exposure

It turns out that icy shock isn’t just making you stronger physically—it’s rewiring your brain for resilience, too.

Mood Enhancement:

When you expose yourself to cold—whether it’s a cold shower, an ice bath, or a winter swim—your body releases norepinephrine, a chemical that boosts focus, mood, and stress tolerance. Studies show that regular cold exposure actually trains your nervous system to handle stress better over time (Shevchuk, 2008; Tipton et al., 2017).

For women, it may help balance cortisol levels, which might explain why many feel calmer and more energized after cold dips (Leppäluoto et al., 2008).

Depression and Stress Relief:

Cold exposure doesn’t just toughen you up—it can actually make you feel happier. One study found that taking cold showers (20°C for 2–3 minutes) increases noradrenaline, which can help fight off depression (Shevchuk, 2008).

Another study by Van Tulleken et al. (2018) found that open-water swimming might help with depression by combining the benefits of getting used to cold water, feeling a sense of accomplishment, and enjoying the mood-boosting effects of exercise and social interaction.

a Person standing at a cold-plunge event wearing a hoodie
Isn't this a great example of our slogan in action? ChillsnSip Beach Run Event, June 2024.

Enhancing Metabolism & Weight Control with Cold Exposure

How Ice Baths Boost Fat Burning, Speed Up Your Metabolism, and Improve Insulin Sensitivity

Just like cold exposure can boost your mood and resilience, it also works wonders for your metabolism—helping you burn fat, speed up metabolism, and improve insulin sensitivity.

Activating Brown Fat:

When you take an ice bath or expose yourself to cold, your body activates brown fat—the body’s "good fat" that burns energy to generate heat. Your body has to work harder to stay warm, which burns more calories. Research shows that cold exposure can boost the activity of brown fat and help you burn more energy, even when you're not working out.

Some studies even suggest that cold exposure can increase metabolic rate by up to 30% for a short period after immersion.

Improved Insulin Sensitivity:

Cold exposure also plays a role in insulin sensitivity, particularly for people with conditions like PCOS (if you're looking to learn more about women’s health check Emazed). A study found that cold therapy can improve insulin sensitivity, meaning your body gets better at using insulin and storing energy efficiently.

This is huge if you’re looking to keep your blood sugar levels balanced and maintain a healthy metabolism.

Cold Exposure for a Longer, Healthier Life

Building on its effects on recovery, mood, and metabolism, cold exposure also plays a role in cellular health and longevity, potentially slowing the aging process.

Cell Repair & Heat Shock Proteins:

When you expose your body to cold, it stimulates cell repair by encouraging the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which protect cells from damage and support recovery. Additionally, cold exposure boosts autophagy, your body's natural way of cleaning up and recycling damaged cells—essentially giving your body a reset.

Autophagy & Aging:

Cold therapy also helps prevent age-related protein buildup. As we age, certain proteins accumulate in cells, leading to damage and disease. Cold exposure helps keep these proteins in balance, allowing cells to function better and age more slowly.

So, what are we looking at?

From reducing muscle soreness and improving recovery to boosting mood, metabolism, and even longevity, cold exposure has a wide range of benefits backed by science. Whether you’re an athlete looking for faster recovery, someone battling stress and low mood, or simply curious about biohacking your metabolism, incorporating cold exposure into your routine might be worth trying

Ready to Take the Plunge?

How to Get Started with Cold Exposure

Here’s how to start incorporating cold exposure into your routine:

  • Start Slowly: Begin with shorter cold showers or gradual exposure to cold water. Over time, you can increase the duration and intensity.
  • Consistency Is Key: Regular cold exposure yields better results. Aim for at least 2–3 times per week.
  • Listen to Your Body: Cold exposure is about resilience, not suffering. If it feels too overwhelming, dial it back. However, it may not be suitable for everyone. Individuals with cardiovascular conditions, Raynaud’s disease, or other circulation-related issues should consult a healthcare professional before trying cold exposure.

So next time you hesitate before stepping into a cold shower or taking the plunge into icy water, remember: growth starts where comfort ends ❄️

Ready to embrace the cold? Share your experiences with cold exposure in the comments below, or subscribe to our blog for more wellness tips and advice!

Disclaimer:

The information provided in this article is for general informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Cold exposure practices, including ice baths, cold showers, and similar activities, may not be suitable for everyone.

If you have any underlying health conditions, including but not limited to cardiovascular issues, respiratory problems, or mental health concerns such as depression, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional before engaging in cold exposure.

Always seek personalized advice from your doctor or qualified healthcare provider to ensure that cold exposure is safe for you. The author and publisher disclaim any liability for adverse effects or health complications arising from the use or application of the information in this article.

Resources:
  • Cohen, S., Alper, C. M., Doyle, W. J., Treanor, J. J., & Turner, R. B. (2006). Positive emotional style predicts resistance to illness after experimental exposure to rhinovirus or influenza a virus. Psychosomatic Medicine, 68(6), 809–815. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PSY.0000245867.92364.3C
  • Esperland, D., de Weerd, L., & Mercer, J. B. (2022a). Health effects of voluntary exposure to cold water – a continuing subject of debate. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 81(1), 2111789. https://doi.org/10.1080/22423982.2022.2111789
  • Esperland, D., de Weerd, L., & Mercer, J. B. (2022b). Health effects of voluntary exposure to cold water – a continuing subject of debate. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 81(1), 2111789. https://doi.org/10.1080/22423982.2022.2111789
  • Ihsan, M., Watson, G., & Abbiss, C. R. (2016). What are the Physiological Mechanisms for Post-Exercise Cold Water Immersion in the Recovery from Prolonged Endurance and Intermittent Exercise? Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 46(8), 1095–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/S40279-016-0483-3
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  • Klimek, K., Bugla, K., Gabryel, Ł., Wikarek, A., Dołęga, J., Grabarczyk, M., Kosińska, P., Rybak, J., Magiera, B., & Grabarczyk, A. (2024). Exploring the benefits of cold exposure in health and athletic performance - review of articles. Journal of Education, Health and Sport, 55, 52–72. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2024.55.004
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@Ewa Kasprzak

Female Health and Wellbeing 📝I talk about: Female Reproductive Health | Science | Hormones | Ayurveda | Yoga | Spirituality
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